Classification of Bryophytes
Braun for the first time in 1864 introduced the term 'bryophyta' and included algae, fungi, lichens and mosses together in this group. Later, algae, fungi and lichens were separted from the Bryophyta and kept under Thallophyta. Bryophyta retained liverworts and mosses. Group Bryophyta was raised upto the rank of division by Schimper in 1879.
Eichler system (1883)
Eichler (1883) divided Bryophyta into groups.
- Group I: Hepaticae
- Group II: Musci
Engler system (1892)
Engler (1892) raised Hepaticae and Musci as two classes and divided each class into the three orders.
- Division: Bryophyta
- Class 1: Hepaticae
- Order 1: Marchantiales
- Order 2: Jungermanniales
- Order 3: Anthocerotales
- Class 2: Musci
- Order 1: Sphagnales
- Order 2: Andreaeales
- Order 3: Bryales
- Class 1: Hepaticae
Howe system (1899)
By virtue of distinct characters of Anthoceros and related genera, Howe (1899) raised the order Anthocerotales to the rank of a class and divided Bryophyta into three classes.
Howe (1899) system of classification was followed by Smith (1938, 1955), Takhtajan (1953), Wardlaw (1955) and Schutser (1958) but they preferred to call class Anthocerotes as Anthocerotae.
International code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) in 1956 suggested suffix-opsida for the classes rank. However, Rothmaler has already proposed this for the classes of Bryophyta in 1951.
Proskauer (1957) suggested that the class name Antheoceropsida should be written as Anthocerotopsida. Parihar (1965) and Holmes (1986) followed Proskauer’s system of classification. Accordingly Bryophyta was devided into three classes.
- Division: Bryophyta
- Class 1: Hepaticae
- Class 2: Anthocerotes
- Class 3: Musci
Howe (1899) system of classification was followed by Smith (1938, 1955), Takhtajan (1953), Wardlaw (1955) and Schutser (1958) but they preferred to call class Anthocerotes as Anthocerotae.
- Division: Bryophyta
- Class 1: Hepaticae
- Class 2: Anthocerotae
- Class 3: Musci
International code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) in 1956 suggested suffix-opsida for the classes rank. However, Rothmaler has already proposed this for the classes of Bryophyta in 1951.
- Division: Bryophyta
- Class 1: Hepaticae as Hepaticopsida
- Class 2: Anthocerotae as Anthoceropsida
- Class 3: Musci as Bryopsida
Proskauer (1957) suggested that the class name Antheoceropsida should be written as Anthocerotopsida. Parihar (1965) and Holmes (1986) followed Proskauer’s system of classification. Accordingly Bryophyta was devided into three classes.
- Division: Bryophyta
- Class 1: Hepaticopsida
- Class 2: Anthoceropsida as Anthocerotopsida
- Class 3: Bryopsida
Class 1: Hepaticopsida
General Characters
Class 2: Anthocerotopsida
General Characters
Class 3: Bryopsida
General Characters
First published on 13-04-2021
Last updated on 01-05-2021
Last updated on 01-05-2021
See also
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